ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clearance efficacy of resin hemoperfusion(HP) on the removal of organophosphorus in the rabbits poisoned by methamidophos(MAP) and its effects on organ injury. Method Six-teen healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into HP group and non-HP group. MAP was given through gastric tube in a dosage of 20 mg/kg to rabbits of both groups. Rabbits of liP group received resin hemop-ersion plus conventional treatment including early gastric lavage, atropine and pralidoxime. Rabbits of non-HP group received only conventional treatment. The plasma concentration of MAP was determined by using gas chro-matography before and after rabbits were poisoned at different intervals. Serum choline esterase (ChE),lactic de-hydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) of rabbits of both groups were assayed 6 hours after rabbits poisoned. Pathological changes in lung, liver, kidney and muscle were investigated simutaneously. SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The comparison between groups was carried out by using t -test. Results ① The typical symptoms of organophospborus poisoning were occurred in rabbits within 5 - 10 minutes after ingestion of MAP. In HP group, the plasma levels of rabbits before,and 30 min,60 min,90 min and 120 min after hemoperfu-sion were (11.43±1.56),(7.82±1.54),(4.97±1.58),(5.66±1.75) ,(5.49±1.68) μg/mL, respectively (P <0.01). After hemoperfusion, the plasma MAP levels of rabbits in HP group were lower than those in non-HP groups (P < 0.01). The improveme, nt of clinical presentation of rabbits was observed shortly after HP. ② The blood choline esterase activity of rabbits were depressed in hoth groups without significant difference. In contrast, the blood levels of ALT, AST,LDH,CK and CK-MB of rabbits in non-HP group elevated significantly than in HP group (P < 0.01). ③ The more severe injury of muscle, liver, kidnet and lung of rabbits can could be seen in non-HP group. Conclusions ① HP can effectively eliminate the plasma MAP and has the potential to improve the clinical presentation of intoxication in rabbits. ② Early intervention of Hp exerts a protection from organ dam-age of organophosphorus pesticide.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the current status and changing patterns of hemodialysis in Wenzhou areas of China from 1999 to 2006. Methods Data of blood purification centres of 18 hospitals in Wenzhou areas from 1999 to 2006 were collected. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, the etiology and the relevant factors such as age, gender, dialysis ages, outcomes and causes of death in end stage renal disease(ESRD) patients on hemodialysis(HD) were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incident number and the number of patients increased annually while the mortality remained steady. The male patients outnumbered the female every year, but the male/female ratio was decreasing. The percentage of both young and oldly patients was increasing. The first cause was chronic glomerulonephritis, although the constituent ratio of glomerulonephritis decreased year by year. The constituent ratio of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy increased. The constituent ratio of dialysis age 1-2 years group decreased, ≤1 year, 2-3 years, 3-4 years groups were relatively steady, and 4-5 years, 5-10 years, 10 years groups increased. The number of patients receiving renal transplantation and transferring to peritoneal dialysis increased annually. The leading cause of death was cardiovascular incidence (19.9%), followed by cerebrovascular disorder (10.8%), systemic failure (10.8%), hemorrhagic diseases(4.7%) and infectious diseases(4.3%). The constituent ratio of cardiovascular incidence and cerebrovascular disorder were relatively steady. The constituent ratio of hemorrhagic diseases and systemic failure showed great fluctuation. The constituent ratio of infectious diseases and malnutrition was decreasing. Conclusions In Wenzhou area from 1999 to 2006, the patients number has been increasing annually. The onset age of HD is 30-70 years old, and proves a younger tendency and older tendency. The leading cause is chronic glomeralonephritis. The constituent ratio of diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy rises year by year. The long-term survival rate of HD patients is improved. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular accident.